Abstract

The article examines the problem of alienation in contemporary philosophy in the context of a critical reconsideration of the classical Marxist legacy and theoretical developments in Soviet philosophy of the 1960s. The study aims to identify the main trends in the transformation of ideas concerning the essence, forms, and possibilities of overcoming alienation, as well as to determine the heuristic potential of classical conceptions for analyzing contemporary social and technological processes. The methodological framework combines historical-philosophical, textual, comparative, and conceptual-analytical approaches. The article traces changes in scholarly interest in the problem of alienation since the late 1980s and analyzes contemporary socio-philosophical interpretations of this phenomenon. It demonstrates that, alongside traditional economic and political forms, contemporary philosophy distinguishes social, existential, anthropological, informational, and technological dimensions of alienation. Particular attention is paid to new forms of alienation emerging in the context of digitalization, the development of information and communication technologies, and the formation of networked spaces. The study substantiates the need to distinguish between the essence of alienation and the concrete historical forms of its manifestation. It concludes that the complete elimination of alienation as a universal social phenomenon remains theoretically debatable, whereas its specific forms can be overcome or mitigated through the transformation of social relations and institutions and the expansion of human autonomy and opportunities for self-realization. Further research should focus on the philosophical analysis of alienation in the context of the algorithmization of social life and the proliferation of artificial intelligence.

Keywords: alienation, Marxist philosophy, contemporary philosophy, social philosophy, information society, technological alienation, digitalization, overcoming alienation.