Abstract

After the death of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), the rule of Muslims by Osman after Abu Bakr and Omar, who were elected by the caliphs, opened a new era in the history of political Islam. After Osman became a caliph, he encountered the problem of Ubaidullah b. Omar, who killed three people in revenge for his father. Among the associates a discussion arose over the question “What punishment should be imposed on him?” Many of the people wanted him to be punished. Caliph Osman pardoned Ubaidulla for political and psychological reasons, although the caliph did not have the right to pardon. Thus, the first seeds of doubt among Muslims began to be sown. The problem of the tribal question, which disappeared during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), began to be widely discussed among Muslims during the reign of Osman rule.

The article discusses the first uprisings in the history of Islam by the cause-effect method. And the main reasons for the beginning of the Jamal and Siffin wars among the Muslim population will be considered. They will discuss the consequences of the answers to the questions that arose as a result of these wars between Muslims and the Kharijites, and in his worldview, which is the father of destructive religious sectarianism. The role of the Kharijite sect in the formation of the pseudo-Salafi worldview was considered. We hope that this article will help to eliminate the causes, but not the consequences, by determining the relationship between the two streams.

Key words: Islamic movements, Kharijites, rebellions, pseudo-Salafism, Neo-Kharijites.