Abstract

This article examines the origins of the formation of humanistic ideas in the Kazakh worldview from a historical and philosophical perspective. The main object of the study is the traditional worldview of the Kazakh people, oral culture and folklore heritage, the spiritual orientations of early nomadic society, as well as the ethical and humanistic content of Zoroastrianism. The role of oral culture in representing the spiritual experience of the people, historical memory, and the system of relationships between human beings, the world, and nature is analyzed, with particular attention paid to its philosophical, ethical, and aesthetic dimensions. Special emphasis is placed on the dualistic worldview of Zoroastrianism, the struggle between good and evil, and the issues of human freedom and moral responsibility as early forms of humanistic thought.

The study also considers the creative legacy of Kazakh akyns and zhyraus as a significant spiritual and cultural factor in the formation and development of a humanistic worldview. Their views on human freedom, justice, morality, and spiritual perfection are analyzed. The article elucidates the “Human-World” relationship in the worldview of the zhyraus, as well as the interconnection between the individual’s inner spiritual world and social existence. Furthermore, the concepts of national spirit, ethical values, and spiritual integrity are philosophically substantiated, while the humanistic character of the Kazakh worldview is interpreted within the context of traditional culture and specific historical and social conditions. The research findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the evolution of humanistic ideas in Kazakh philosophy and for analyzing contemporary issues of spiritual development in modern society.

Keywords: Kazakh worldview, humanistic ideas, spiritual and ethical values, oral culture and folklore, philosophy of akyns and zhyraus, Abai’s humanistic doctrine, national spirit and spiritual modernization.