Abstract

The beginning of the 21st century is marked by the dynamics of globalization processes, which have increased the interdependence of states and at the same time exposed the vulnerability of the world order. The disruption of the political and economic balance, sanctions restrictions and the transformation of international relations have revealed new lines of tension. Against this background, the religious factor becomes a key element of global socio-cultural dynamics: its influence is manifested both through traditional institutions and spiritual practices, and through the activation of radical and extremist movements claiming the role of alternative sources of legitimation. These processes are accompanied by the erosion of value orientations and the transformation of social norms. In this context, the ethno-confessional search is intensifying, and interest in religion as a system of meaning-forming and identification practices is growing. Attention to the phenomenon of religious consciousness and religious literacy of young people is becoming especially significant, since it is this group that determines the religious and ideological climate of society.

The definition of indicators of the level of religiosity, depth of religious consciousness and degree of religious literacy, which are the purpose of the article, is impossible without the analysis of religiosity as an integrative element of ideological attitudes and value-semantic structures of the individual. The implementation of this goal required the conceptualization and typology of the concept of "religiosity", the genesis of criteria for assessing the level and depth of religious consciousness and religious literacy.

The study systematizes existing theoretical and methodological approaches, identifies methodological difficulties due to the complex nature of the phenomenon. The results of the analysis showed the absence of a unified research position in determining the sought-after indicators. Based on the synthesis of theoretical developments and sociological data collected in Almaty and Astana, the authors proposed a set of indicators of religious consciousness and literacy, including religious self-identification, religious faith, religious motivation, religious behavior and a typology of religiosity.

Key words: religiosity, religious literacy, indicators of religiosity, religious identification, faith, religious behavior, types of religiosity.