Abstract

The article deeply analyzes the relationship between the categories of fate, happiness and the meaning of life in philosophy. The philosophical ideas of prominent representatives of the Enlightenment era (Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Immanuel Kant, Voltaire) and Kazakh thinkers (Abai Kunanbaevich, Shakarim Kudaiberdievich) are studied comparatively, their connection with moral responsibility, freedom and spiritual search in human life is considered. The study revealed similarities and differences in understanding the meaning of fate, happiness and life in various cultural and philosophical traditions. In addition, the relevance of these categories for modern society is analyzed, including human responsibility at the personal and social levels, the desire for spiritual balance and the need to build a just society.

The concept of fate in Kazakh philosophy, combined with the peculiarities of the national worldview, is considered from the point of view of free human activity and moral responsibility. A special place in the works of Abai Kunanbaevich and Shakarim Kudaiberdievich is occupied by the interpretation of fate as a dynamic process that changes through spiritual maturity, purity of conscience and knowledge. At the same time, in the age of Enlightenment, the meaning of fate and life was rationally revised, the importance of moral and social responsibility through the harmonious coexistence of man with nature and society was emphasized.

The results of the study revealed the relevance of interpreting the categories of fate, happiness and the meaning of life from the point of view of human freedom, obedience to moral laws and spiritual development. The philosophical study of these categories can give a new impetus to the spiritual and social development of man in the spiritual crises and processes of modern globalization. The analysis in the article focuses on the issues of finding the meaning of life, strengthening personal responsibility and increasing spiritual harmony.

Keywords: fate, happiness, the meaning of life, the age of enlightenment, Kazakh philosophy, freedom.