Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the concept of justice within the context of various philosophical and religious traditions, as well as contemporary theoretical approaches. This papers’ goal was to fit in classical philosophical outsets with contemporary clarifications of justice, thus contributing to a holistic consideration of this category in the prism of its historical advance and current social implication. The key objective of the paper was to detect the structures of justice in antique philosophy, examine the alterations of the notion in early modern European thought, liken philosophical and spiritual clarifications, and discover modern methods to view justice. The organizational basis of the study comprised historical-philosophical analysis, a comparative approach, cultural-contextual and conceptual analysis, as well as fundamentals of interdisciplinary search. The paper scrutinizes the impact of socio-historical and cultural influences on the creation of thoughts of impartiality, accentuating their linking with the expansion of social establishments and vicissitudes in value alignments. Distinct consideration is assumed to the experiential part of the paper, founded on a review of students in the humanities, intended at detecting present relations with the concept of «justice» and measuring the meaning of its important features. The review data permitted for the documentation of leading semantic mechanisms, with concepts of equivalence and human rights, ethical accountability and morality, as well as reasonable supply of resources. The information gotten added the theoretic analysis and allowed an evaluation of modern identifications with classical philosophical outsets. To conclude, justice is known as a multidimensional category, encircling normative-legal, moral-ethical, and socio-practical features, demonstrating both the steadiness of philosophical backgrounds and their version to the circumstances of modern civilization.

Keywords: social inequality, human rights, philosophical thought, law, freedom, equality