Abstract

This article examines the stages of civilizational transformation of the traditional societies of the Kazakh and Kyrgyz peoples, as well as the changes that occurred under conditions of modernization. Initially, the nomadic Eurasian civilization, due to its openness, prepared these peoples to assimilate elements of other cultures, laying the groundwork for subsequent transformations. The first significant phase of modernization began with the adoption of Islam, which influenced the social and cultural organization of society. Major changes occurred during the Russian Empire and Soviet periods, drawing the region into processes of globalization and leading to profound civilizational transformations. The Soviet government eliminated the nomadic way of life, introduced new legal and political institutions, established an industrial base, and promoted urbanization, thus laying the foundation for the formation of a mass society. Particular attention is given to the impact of mass culture on ethnic values, as well as to the contradictions between the need to preserve traditions and adapt to modern life. The authors emphasize the ability of Kazakhs and Kyrgyz to integrate external elements while maintaining their own cultural identity. In conclusion, the article highlights the importance of combining the preservation of traditional values with innovation for sustainable cultural development in the context of globalization.

Keywords: globalization, modernization, civilizational transformation, traditional society, nomadic civilization, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, traditional values, mass culture.