Abstract

This scientific article provides an overview and analysis of various models of interaction between religious and secular values in foreign countries. Three main models are analyzed: secularism, religious state, and mixed approach, based on detailed studies of examples from France, the United Kingdom, and Iran. To gain a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the role of religious and secular values in the society and culture of different countries, research by scholars such as Olivier Roy, Caroline Fourest, Nathan Olsen, Girayalp Karakuş, Linda Woodhead, and Gavin D’Costa is examined.

The analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each model allows identifying diverse aspects of their implementation in socio-cultural and political contexts. Based on the comparison of different models and aspects of their implementation, the conclusion is drawn that there is a need to find a unique balance between respecting religious freedoms and ensuring the secular nature of the state for each country in accordance with its specificity and societal needs. An open dialogue, grounded in scientific research, can contribute to effective resolution of conflicts and the creation of optimal conditions for sustainable and harmonious societal development.

Keywords: religious values, secular values, France, Iran, Great Britain, model of laicism, model of a religious state, mixed model, freedom of worship.