Abstract

In modern conditions of dynamically developing knowledge, the demand for correct thinking remains an urgent problem. Unfortunately, the course of logic, and especially the history of logic is excluded from the educational program of preparation of many specialties. Although the knowledge of logical science, its laws, techniques and operations in the practical and theoretical work of not only the humanities, but also representatives of technical, natural and mathematical specialties can hardly be overestimated.

In this article, the authors' idea is aimed at filling the existing gap and presenting an analysis of the history of its formation in the format of the history of culture and the history of philosophy, using a comparative approach. In the history of logical science, a significant place is occupied by the logic of al-Farabi, who in the Middle Ages left a bright, indelible mark in the field of many sciences with his original ideas. The article analyzes the contribution made to the development of the science of logic by al-Farabi, which in turn contributes to the formation of a culture of thinking and comes to the following conclusions:

First, al-Farabi closely links formal logic with the science of language. However, he does not completely identify thinking and language, noting that language is ethnic, while thinking is universal.

Secondly, the Second Teacher considers dialectics as belonging to formal logic, in it he sees a form and means of cooperation between people, etc.

Key words: Al-Farabi, logic, philosophy, thinking, dialectics, sophistry.